Java LocalDate
last modified July 10, 2024
In this article we show how to work with LocalDate in Java. We compute the current local date, parse local date, format local date, compare local date, and do date arithmetics.
LocalDate is a date without a time-zone in the ISO-8601 calendar
system, such as 2024-05-22. LocalDate is an immutable date-time
object.
LocalDate does not store or represent a time or time-zone.
It is a description of the local date as seen on a wall clock.
The equals method should be used for comparisons.
Current date
The current date is retrived with LocalDate.now.
import java.time.LocalDate;
void main() {
LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println(now);
}
The example prints the local current date.
$ java Main.java 2024-07-10
Creating LocalDate objects
The are several ways to create LocalDate in Java.
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
void main() {
// Current date
LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println(date1);
// Specific date
LocalDate date2 = LocalDate.of(2021, 5, 20);
System.out.println(date2);
// Specific date
LocalDate date3 = LocalDate.parse("2021-05-21", DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);
System.out.println(date3);
// Retrieving from LocalDateTime
LocalDate date4 = LocalDateTime.now().toLocalDate();
System.out.println(date4);
}
The example presents four methods to generate a LocalDate.
LocalDate date1 = LocalDate.now();
The LocalDate.now creates a current local time.
LocalDate date2 = LocalDate.of(2021, 5, 20);
With LocalDate.of, we can create a specific local date
from an year, month, and date values.
LocalDate date3 = LocalDate.parse("2021-05-21", DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE);
With LocalDate.parse, we parse LocalDate from a
string.
LocalDate date4 = LocalDateTime.now().toLocalDate();
It is also possible to get LocalDate from a
LocalDateTime object using the toLocalDate method.
$ java Main.java 2024-07-10 2021-05-20 2021-05-21 2024-07-10
LocalDate year, month, day
The following example splits a local date into year, month, and day parts.
import java.time.LocalDate;
void main() {
LocalDate date = LocalDate.now();
System.out.printf("Year: %s%n", date.getYear());
System.out.printf("Month: %s%n", date.getMonthValue());
System.out.printf("Day: %s%n", date.getDayOfMonth());
}
The getYear gets the year, the getMonthValue gets the
month, and the getDayOfMonth the day of the date.
$ java Main.java Year: 2024 Month: 7 Day: 10
LocalDate day of year, month, week
In the following example, we get the day of year, month, and week.
import java.time.LocalDate;
void main() {
LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println(now);
System.out.printf("Day of year: %s%n", now.getDayOfYear());
System.out.printf("Day of month: %s%n", now.getDayOfMonth());
System.out.printf("Day of week: %s%n", now.getDayOfWeek());
}
To do the task, we use the getDayOfYear, getDayOfMonth,
and getDayOfWeek methods.
$ java Main.java 2024-07-10 Day of year: 192 Day of month: 10 Day of week: WEDNESDAY
LocalDate & DateTimeFormatter
Different countries use different date formats. DateTimeFormatter
helps us format the date.
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
import java.time.format.FormatStyle;
import java.util.Locale;
void main() {
LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
DateTimeFormatter df = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE;
System.out.println(now.format(df));
DateTimeFormatter df2 = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_ORDINAL_DATE;
System.out.println(now.format(df2));
DateTimeFormatter df3 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd LLLL yyyy");
System.out.println(now.format(df3));
DateTimeFormatter df4 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd/MM/yyyy");
System.out.println(now.format(df4));
System.out.println("----------------------");
LocalDate day = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 20);
System.out.println(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.FULL)
.withLocale(Locale.FRENCH).format(day));
System.out.println(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.LONG)
.withLocale(Locale.FRENCH).format(day));
System.out.println(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.MEDIUM)
.withLocale(Locale.FRENCH).format(day));
System.out.println(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.SHORT)
.withLocale(Locale.FRENCH).format(day));
}
The example uses DateTimeFormatter to format date.
DateTimeFormatter df = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE; System.out.println(now.format(df));
We format the time to the ISO_DATE format date standart.
DateTimeFormatter df3 = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("dd LLLL yyyy");
System.out.println(now.format(df3));
We can choose a custom date format with DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern.
The documentation to DateTimeFormatter contains the description
of various formatting characters that we can use.
System.out.println(DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDate(FormatStyle.FULL)
.withLocale(Locale.FRENCH).format(day));
With the ofLocalizedDate method, we have a locale specific date
format.
$ java Main.java 2024-07-10 2024-192 10 júl 2024 10/07/2024 ---------------------- dimanche 20 septembre 2020 20 septembre 2020 20 sept. 2020 20/09/2020
LocalDate arithmetic
Java LocalDate has methods for doing date arithmetics.
import java.time.LocalDate;
void main() {
LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("Current date: " + now);
// LocalDate addition
System.out.println("Adding 3 days: " + now.plusDays(3));
System.out.println("Adding 12 months: " + now.plusMonths(12));
System.out.println("Adding 45 weeks: " + now.plusWeeks(45));
System.out.println("Adding 4 years: " + now.plusYears(4));
System.out.println("----------------------");
// LocalDate subtraction
System.out.println("Subtracting 3 days: " + now.minusDays(3));
System.out.println("Subtracting 12 months: " + now.minusMonths(12));
System.out.println("Subtracting 45 weeks: " + now.minusWeeks(45));
System.out.println("Subtracting 4 years: " + now.minusYears(4));
}
The example presents method for adding and subtracting date units.
System.out.println("Adding 3 days: " + now.plusDays(3));
The plusDays adds three days to the current local date.
System.out.println("Subtracting 3 days: " + now.minusDays(3));
Likewise, the minusDays subtracts three days from the current
local date.
$ java Main.java Current date: 2024-07-10 Adding 3 days: 2024-07-13 Adding 12 months: 2025-07-10 Adding 45 weeks: 2025-05-21 Adding 4 years: 2028-07-10 ---------------------- Subtracting 3 days: 2024-07-07 Subtracting 12 months: 2023-07-10 Subtracting 45 weeks: 2023-08-30 Subtracting 4 years: 2020-07-10
LocalDate until
With the until method, we can compute the date until another date
in terms of the specified unit.
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
void main() {
LocalDate d1 = LocalDate.of(2021, 5, 22);
LocalDate d2 = LocalDate.parse("2021-12-25");
System.out.printf("%s days%n", d1.until(d2, ChronoUnit.DAYS));
System.out.printf("%s months%n", d1.until(d2, ChronoUnit.MONTHS));
System.out.printf("%s years%n", d1.until(d2, ChronoUnit.YEARS));
}
The example calculates the date that has to elapse until another date in days, months and years.
System.out.printf("%s days%n", d1.until(d2, ChronoUnit.DAYS));
With ChronoUnit.DAYS, we specify that we calculate the the date
difference in days.
$ java Main.java 217 days 7 months 0 years
Comparing LocalDate objects
The following example shows how to compare dates.
import java.time.LocalDate;
void main() {
LocalDate d1 = LocalDate.of(2020, 2, 12);
LocalDate d2 = LocalDate.of(2021, 3, 15);
LocalDate d3 = LocalDate.of(2021, 5, 22);
if (d1.compareTo(d2) == 0) {
System.out.println("date1 and date2 are equal");
} else {
System.out.println("date1 and date2 are not equal");
}
if (d2.isBefore(d3)) {
System.out.println("date2 comes before date3");
} else {
System.out.println("date2 does not come before date3");
}
if (d3.isAfter(d1)) {
System.out.println("date3 comes after date1");
} else {
System.out.println("date3 does not come after date1");
}
}
The example compares dates. We check if they are equal, if the come before or after another date.
if (d1.compareTo(d2) == 0) {
The compareTo compares two local dates.
if (d2.isBefore(d3)) {
The isBefore checks if a date comes before another date.
if (d3.isAfter(d1)) {
The isAfter checks if a date comes after another date.
$ java Main.java date1 and date2 are not equal date2 comes before date3 date3 comes after date1
LocalDate datesUntil
The datesUntil method returns a sequential ordered stream of dates.
The returned stream starts from start date (inclusive) and goes to end date
(exclusive) by an incremental step of one day.
import java.time.LocalDate;
void main() {
LocalDate start = LocalDate.of(2021, 4, 5);
LocalDate end = LocalDate.of(2021, 5, 22);
start.datesUntil(end).forEach(System.out::println);
}
In the example, we print all dates between two specified dates.
$ java Main.java 2021-04-05 2021-04-06 2021-04-07 2021-04-08 ... 2021-05-20 2021-05-21
LocalDate range
The range method gets the range of valid values for the specified
field.
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.time.temporal.ValueRange;
void main () {
LocalDate d = LocalDate.of(2021, 5, 22);
ValueRange r = d.range(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
System.out.printf("DAY_OF_MONTH: %s%n", r);
r = d.range(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK);
System.out.printf("DAY_OF_WEEK: %s%n", r);
r = d.range(ChronoField.YEAR);
System.out.printf("YEAR: %s%n", r);
r = d.range(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR);
System.out.printf("DAY_OF_YEAR: %s%n", r);
r = d.range(ChronoField.YEAR_OF_ERA);
System.out.printf("YEAR_OF_ERA: %s%n", r);
r = d.range(ChronoField.ERA);
System.out.printf("ERA: %s%n", r);
}
We get the range for various fields including DAY_OF_MONTH,
YEAR, and DAY_OF_YEAR.
$ java Main.java DAY_OF_MONTH: 1 - 31 DAY_OF_WEEK: 1 - 7 YEAR: -999999999 - 999999999 DAY_OF_YEAR: 1 - 365 YEAR_OF_ERA: 1 - 999999999 ERA: 0 - 1
LocalDate query
The query method queries a date using the specified query. They
are used for extracting information from temporal objects.
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Month;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
import java.util.List;
void main() {
var dates = List.of(LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 1), LocalDate.of(2020, 1, 15),
LocalDate.of(2020, 1, 1), LocalDate.of(2020, 11, 14),
LocalDate.of(2020, 12, 24), LocalDate.of(2020, 3, 6),
LocalDate.of(2020, 8, 8), LocalDate.of(2020, 12, 16),
LocalDate.of(2020, 5, 8), LocalDate.of(2020, 10, 21));
dates.forEach(d -> {
checkBirthday(d);
});
}
void checkBirthday(LocalDate d) {
Boolean isBirthday = d.query(new Birthdays());
if (isBirthday.booleanValue()) {
System.out.printf("%s is a family birthday%n", d);
} else {
System.out.printf("%s is not a family birthday%n", d);
}
}
class Birthdays implements TemporalQuery<Boolean> {
@Override
public Boolean queryFrom(TemporalAccessor ta) {
int month = ta.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
int day = ta.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
if ((month == Month.JANUARY.getValue()) && day == 15) {
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
if ((month == Month.MARCH.getValue()) && day == 6) {
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
if ((month == Month.MAY.getValue()) && day == 19) {
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
if ((month == Month.AUGUST.getValue()) && day == 8) {
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
if ((month == Month.OCTOBER.getValue()) && day == 21) {
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
return Boolean.FALSE;
}
}
In the example, we check if family members have birthdays in the specified dates.
var dates = List.of(LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 1), LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 15),
LocalDate.of(2020, 1, 1), LocalDate.of(2020, 11, 14),
LocalDate.of(2020, 12, 24), LocalDate.of(2020, 5, 1),
LocalDate.of(2020, 12, 17), LocalDate.of(2020, 12, 16),
LocalDate.of(2020, 5, 8), LocalDate.of(2020, 6, 19));
We have a list of dates.
dates.forEach(d -> {
checkBirthday(d);
});
We go over the list and check if each element is a family birthday with
checkBirthday.
Boolean isBirthday = d.query(new Birthdays());
if (isBirthday.booleanValue()) {
System.out.printf("%s is a holiday in Slovakia%n", d);
} else {
System.out.printf("%s is not a holiday in Slovakia%n", d);
}
We query the current date with the query method; we pass the method
a TemporalQuery.
class Birthdays implements TemporalQuery<Boolean> {
@Override
public Boolean queryFrom(TemporalAccessor ta) {
int month = ta.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
int day = ta.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
if ((month == Month.JANUARY.getValue()) && day == 15) {
return Boolean.TRUE;
}
...
return Boolean.FALSE;
}
}
Inside the TemporalQuery's queryFrom method we specify
the dates (birthdays), for which the method returns true.
$ java Main.java 2020-09-01 is not a family birthday 2020-01-15 is a family birthday 2020-01-01 is not a family birthday 2020-11-14 is not a family birthday 2020-12-24 is not a family birthday 2020-03-06 is a family birthday 2020-08-08 is a family birthday 2020-12-16 is not a family birthday 2020-05-08 is not a family birthday 2020-10-21 is a family birthday
Source
Java LocalDate - language reference
In this article we have worked with Java LocalDate.
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