Java Fibonacci

last modified July 6, 2020

Java Fibonacci tutorial shows how to calculate Fibonacci series in Java. We create several algorithms for calculating Fibonacci series.

Fibonacci series is a sequence of values such that each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1. The beginning of the sequence is thus: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144 ...

In this tutorial we show several ways to generate a fibonacci series in Java. Since fibonacci series is a sequence of infinite numbers, we use BigInteger type for calculations.

Java fibonacci classic loop example

The first algorithm uses a for loop.

package com.zetcode;

import java.math.BigInteger;

public class FibonacciLoopEx {

    public static BigInteger fibonacci(int n) {

        if (n <= 1) return BigInteger.valueOf(n);

        BigInteger previous = BigInteger.ZERO, next = BigInteger.ONE, sum;

        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {

            sum = previous;
            previous = next;
            next = sum.add(previous);
        }

        return next;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        for (int i = 0; i <= 99; i++) {

            BigInteger val = fibonacci(i);
            System.out.println(val);
        }
    }
}

The example prints first one-hundred values of a Fibonacci series.

Java Fibonacci recursive example

In the second example, we calculate the Fibonacci series using a recursive algorithm where the fibonacci() method calls itself to do the calculation.

package com.zetcode;

import java.math.BigInteger;

public class FibonacciRecursiveEx {

    public static BigInteger fibonacci(int n) {

        if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
            return BigInteger.ONE;
        }

        return fibonacci(n - 2).add(fibonacci(n - 1));
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            System.out.println(fibonacci(i));
        }
    }
}

The example calculates the first ten values of a fibonacci sequence.

Java fibonacci stream example

The third example uses Java 8 streams for the calculation.

package com.zetcode;

import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class FibonacciStreamEx {

    public static List<BigInteger> fibonacci(int limit) {

        var vals = Stream.iterate(new BigInteger[] { BigInteger.ZERO, BigInteger.ONE },
                t -> new BigInteger[] { t[1], t[0].add(t[1]) })
                .limit(limit)
                .map(n -> n[1])
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        return vals;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println(fibonacci(100));
    }
}

This example calculates the values up to a certain limit.

In this tutorial, we have shown how to calculate Fibonacci series in Java in three different ways: classic loop, recursive algorithm and functional way.

List all Java tutorials.