Java DecimalFormat

last modified January 10, 2023

Java DecimalFormat tutorial shows how to format numbers in Java.

DecimalFormat class is used to format numbers. It is a concrete subclass of the NumberFormat class.

NumberFormat is used to format numbers for the most common cases. DecimalFormat gives more options; it allows us to define our formatting options.

DecimalFormat is located in the java.text package.

Java DecimalFormat simple example

The following is a simple example with DecimalFormat.

The 0 format specifier stands for a digit. The # format specifier stands for a digit, where zero shows as absent. The . specifier is for a decimal separator.

package com.zetcode;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class DecimalFormatEx {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        double[] vals = new double[] {0.31, 5.60, 6.7, 5};

        var pattern1 = "#.##";
        var pattern2 = "#.00";

        var df1 = new DecimalFormat(pattern1);
        var df2 = new DecimalFormat(pattern2);

        for (var val : vals) {

            System.out.printf("%4s - %4s %n", df1.format(val), df2.format(val));
        }
    }
}

The program prints four double values using two format specifiers.

0.31 -  .31 
 5.6 - 5.60 
 6.7 - 6.70 
   5 - 5.00 

Java DecimalFormat applyPattern

The applyPattern method applies the given pattern to an existing format.

package com.zetcode;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class DecimalFormatEx {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        double n = 1240.30;

        var df = new DecimalFormat("#.##");
        System.out.println(df.format(n));

        df.applyPattern("#.00");
        System.out.println(df.format(n));
    }
}

The program formats a double value in two formats.

var df = new DecimalFormat("#.##");

We create a new instance of the DecimalFormat. We pass it a non-localized pattern string. The pattern defines a format for a decimal value with a dot followed by two decimal places.

df.applyPattern("#.00");

We specify a new pattern with applyPattern. This pattern adds zeros to decimal places, if they are empty.

1240.3
1240.30

Java DecimalFormat grouping

The , format character is used for grouping of digits.

package com.zetcode;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class DecimalFormatEx {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        double n = 2_125_405.30;
        String pattern = "###,###.00";

        var df = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
        System.out.println(df.format(n));
    }
}

The program prints a double value, whose digits are grouped.

2,125,405.30

Java DecimalFormat percentage

With the % format character, we define percentages.

package com.zetcode;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class DecimalFormatEx {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        double n = 0.34;
        var pattern = "#.##%";

        var df = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
        System.out.println(df.format(n));
    }
}

The program prints a double value as a percentage.

34%

DecimalFormat in string literal

We can put the formatted value in a string literal.

package com.zetcode;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class DecimalFormatEx {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        double n = 7.34;
        var pattern = "The #.## number";

        var df = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
        System.out.println(df.format(n));
    }
}

The program prints the formatted double value inside a string.

The 7.34 number

Java localized DecimalFormat

The next example localizes the number formats.

package com.zetcode;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Locale;

public class DecimalFormatEx {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        double n = 127_540.30;
        var skLoc = new Locale("sk", "SK");
        var usLoc = new Locale("us", "US");
        var deLoc = new Locale("de", "DE");

        var pattern = "###,###.##";

        NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(skLoc);
        DecimalFormat df = (DecimalFormat)nf;
        df.applyPattern(pattern);

        System.out.println(df.format(n));

        NumberFormat nf2 = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(usLoc);
        DecimalFormat df2 = (DecimalFormat)nf2;
        df2.applyPattern(pattern);

        System.out.println(df2.format(n));

        NumberFormat nf3 = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(deLoc);
        DecimalFormat df3 = (DecimalFormat)nf3;
        df3.applyPattern(pattern);

        System.out.println(df3.format(n));
    }
}

In the program, we print a value in three different locales. The grouping and the decimal separators chosen according to the given language cultures.

127 540,3
127,540.3
127.540,3

In this article we have shown how to format numbers in Java with DecimalFormat.

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