Go read input
last modified April 11, 2024
In this article we show how to read input from a user. Standard input, often abbreviated stdin, is a stream from which a program reads its input data.
To read input from users in Go, we use the fmt, bufio,
and os packages.
Go read input with Scanf
The Scanf function scans text read from standard input,
storing successive space-separated values into successive arguments as
determined by the format. It returns the number of items successfully scanned.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var name string
fmt.Print("Enter your name: ")
fmt.Scanf("%s", &name)
fmt.Println("Hello", name)
}
The example prompts the user to enter his name.
var name string
We define a string variable.
fmt.Scanf("%s", &name)
The entered value is stored into the name variable.
$ go run read_input.go Enter your name: Peter Hello Peter
We run the program and enter a name.
In the next example, we read two values.
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
var name string
var age int
fmt.Print("Enter your name & age: ")
fmt.Scanf("%s %d", &name, &age)
fmt.Printf("%s is %d years old\n", name, age)
}
The program reads a name and age from the user.
fmt.Scanf("%s %d", &name, &age)
The Scanf function reads a string and an integer to the two provided
variables.
$ go run read_input2.go Enter your name & age: Peter 34 Peter is 34 years old
Go read input with NewReader
The bufio package implements buffered I/O. Buffered I/O has much
better performance than non-buffered. The package wraps an io.Reader
or io.Writer object, creating another object (Reader or Writer)
that also implements the interface but provides buffering and some help for
textual I/O.
package main
import (
"os"
"bufio"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
fmt.Print("Enter your name: ")
name, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
fmt.Printf("Hello %s\n", name)
}
The program reads a name from the input using bufio.NewReader.
reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
We pass the standard input to the bufio.NewReader.
name, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
The ReadString reads until the first occurrence of the specified
delimiter (new-line in our case) in the input, returning a string containing the
data up to and including the delimiter.
Go read input with NewScanner
The Scanner provides a convenient interface for reading data
such as a file of newline-delimited lines of text.
package main
import (
"bufio"
"fmt"
"os"
)
func main() {
names := make([]string, 0)
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
for {
fmt.Print("Enter name: ")
scanner.Scan()
text := scanner.Text()
if len(text) != 0 {
fmt.Println(text)
names = append(names, text)
} else {
break
}
}
fmt.Println(names)
}
The example allows to read multiple names from the user. Press enter without value to finish the program.
names := make([]string, 0)
We create an empty slice.
scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
A new scanner is created from the standard input.
for {
fmt.Print("Enter name: ")
...
In a for loop, we repeatedly ask the user for a name.
scanner.Scan()
We read a line from standard input. The Scan advances the Scanner
to the next token, which will then be available through the Bytes
or Text function.
text := scanner.Text()
The Text returns the most recent token generated by a call to
Scan as a newly allocated string holding its bytes.
if len(text) != 0 {
fmt.Println(text)
names = append(names, text)
} else {
break
}
If the text is not empty, we print it and append it to the slice.
fmt.Println(names)
Finally, we print all the scanned names.
$ go run read_input3.go Enter name: Lucia Lucia Enter name: Peter Peter Enter name: Roman Roman Enter name: Jane Jane Enter name: [Lucia Peter Roman Jane]
Source
In this article we have covered ways to read input from a user in Golang.
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