ZetCode

Java Undertow

last modified January 27, 2024

Java Undertow tutorial shows how to create web applications in Java with Undertow. Examples can be found at the author's repository.

Undertow

Undertow is a flexible performant web server written in Java. It is sponsored by JBoss and is the default web server in the Wildfly Application Server.

Features of Undertow:

To work with Undertow, we need the undertow-core dependency.

Java Undertow simple example

The following is a simple example that uses Undertow server.

com/zetcode/UndertowSimple.java
package com.zetcode;

import io.undertow.Undertow;
import io.undertow.util.Headers;

public class UndertowSimple {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Undertow server = Undertow.builder()
                .addHttpListener(8080, "localhost")
                .setHandler(exchange -> {
                    exchange.getResponseHeaders().put(Headers.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");
                    exchange.getResponseSender().send("Hello there");
                }).build();

        server.start();
    }
}

In the example, we create an embedded web server which listenes on 8080 port. We set a simple handler that returns plain text message.

$ curl localhost:8080
Hello there

After the applicaiton is run, we create a GET request to the web server with the curl tool.

Java Undertow welcome page

In the following example, we show how to send an HTML welcome page.

pom.xml
src
├── main
│   ├── java
│   │   └── com
│   │       └── zetcode
│   │           └── WelcomePage.java
│   └── resources
│       └── public
│           └── index.html
└── test
    └── java

This is the project structure.

src/main/resources/public/index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Home page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
    Home page.
</p>

</body>
</html>

This is a simple welcome page.

com/zetcode/WelcomePage.java
package com.zetcode;

import io.undertow.Undertow;
import io.undertow.server.handlers.resource.ClassPathResourceManager;

import static io.undertow.Handlers.path;
import static io.undertow.Handlers.resource;

public class WelcomePage {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Undertow server = Undertow.builder()
                .addHttpListener(8080, "localhost")
                .setHandler(path().addPrefixPath("/",
                        resource(new ClassPathResourceManager(
                                    WelcomePage.class.getClassLoader()))
                                .addWelcomeFiles("public/index.html")))
                .build();

        server.start();
    }
}

We welcome page is added with resource and addWelcomeFiles.

Java Undertow query string

A query string is a part of a uniform resource locator (URL) that assigns values to specified parameters. A query string commonly includes fields added to a base URL by a browser or other client application. This is often done in an HTML form.

com/zetcode/UndertowQueryParam.java
package com.zetcode;

import io.undertow.Undertow;
import io.undertow.server.HttpHandler;
import io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange;
import io.undertow.util.Headers;

import static io.undertow.Handlers.path;

class ItemHandler implements HttpHandler {

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(HttpServerExchange exchange) {

        exchange.getResponseHeaders().put(Headers.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");

        var value = exchange.getQueryParameters().get("name");

        String msg;

        if (value == null) {

            msg = "Hello there";
        } else {

            msg = String.format("Hello %s", value.getFirst());
        }

        exchange.getResponseSender().send(msg);
    }
}

public class UndertowQueryParam {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Undertow server = Undertow.builder()
                .addHttpListener(8080, "0.0.0.0")
                .setHandler(path().addPrefixPath("/greet", new ItemHandler()))
                .build();
        server.start();
    }
}

The example reads a name parameter from the query string, builds a message and sends it back to the client.

var value = exchange.getQueryParameters().get("name");

We get the query parameter.

$ curl localhost:8080/greet?name=Peter
Hello Peter

Java Undertow routing

A route is A route is a map from a URL path to a handler. For instance, the /about URL is mapped to the about handler.

com/zetcode/PlainTextHandler.java
package com.zetcode;

import io.undertow.server.HttpHandler;
import io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange;
import io.undertow.util.Headers;

public class PlainTextHandler implements HttpHandler {

    private final String value;

    public PlainTextHandler(String value) {
        this.value = value;
    }

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(HttpServerExchange exchange) {

        exchange.getResponseHeaders().put(Headers.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");
        exchange.getResponseSender().send(value + "\n");
    }
}

The PlainTextHandler sends a plain text message to the client.

com/zetcode/RoutingHandlers.java
package com.zetcode;

import io.undertow.server.HttpHandler;
import io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange;
import io.undertow.util.Headers;

public class RoutingHandlers {

    public static HttpHandler plainTextHandler(String value) {

        return new PlainTextHandler(value);
    }

    public static void notFoundHandler(HttpServerExchange exchange) {

        exchange.setStatusCode(404);
        exchange.getResponseHeaders().put(Headers.CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain");
        exchange.getResponseSender().send("Page Not Found");
    }
}

In the RoutingHandlers, we group the existing routes. We have a plain text handler and a not found handler.

com/zetcode/UndertowRouting.java
package com.zetcode;

import io.undertow.Undertow;
import io.undertow.server.HttpHandler;
import io.undertow.server.RoutingHandler;

public class UndertowRouting {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Undertow server = Undertow.builder()
                .addHttpListener(8080, "localhost", ROUTES)
                .build();

        server.start();
    }

    private static HttpHandler ROUTES = new RoutingHandler()
            .get("/", RoutingHandlers.plainTextHandler("GET - My Homepage"))
            .get("/about", RoutingHandlers.plainTextHandler("GET - about"))
            .post("/about", RoutingHandlers.plainTextHandler("POST - about"))
            .get("/new*", RoutingHandlers.plainTextHandler("GET - new*"))
            .setFallbackHandler(RoutingHandlers::notFoundHandler);
}

We set up several get and post routes. If a path is not recognized, the request is handled with the notFoundHandler.

$ curl localhost:8080/about
GET - about
$ curl -X POST localhost:8080/about
POST - about
$ curl  localhost:8080/contact
Page Not Found

We generate three requests to the application.

Source

Java Undertow documentation

In this article we have created simple web applications with embedded Untertow server.

Author

My name is Jan Bodnar and I am a passionate programmer with many years of programming experience. I have been writing programming articles since 2007. So far, I have written over 1400 articles and 8 e-books. I have over eight years of experience in teaching programming.

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