Menus and toolbars in Qt4
last modified October 18, 2023
In this part of the Qt4 C++ programming tutorial, we talk about menus and toolbars in Qt4 applications.
A menubar is a common part of a GUI application. It is a group of commands located in various places called menus. Menus group commands that we can use in an application. Toolbars provide a quick access to the most frequently used commands.
Simple menu
The first example shows a simple menu.
#pragma once #include <QMainWindow> #include <QApplication> class SimpleMenu : public QMainWindow { public: SimpleMenu(QWidget *parent = 0); };
This is a header file for our code example.
#include "simplemenu.h" #include <QMenu> #include <QMenuBar> SimpleMenu::SimpleMenu(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent) { QAction *quit = new QAction("&Quit", this); QMenu *file; file = menuBar()->addMenu("&File"); file->addAction(quit); connect(quit, SIGNAL(triggered()), qApp, SLOT(quit())); }
We have a menubar, a menu and an action. In order to work with menus,
we must inherit from a QMainWindow
widget.
QAction *quit = new QAction("&Quit", this);
This code line creates a QAction
. Each
QMenu
has one or more action objects.
QMenu *file; file = menuBar()->addMenu("&File");
We create a QMenu
object.
file->addAction(quit);
We put an action inside the menu using the addAction
method.
connect(quit, SIGNAL(triggered()), qApp, SLOT(quit()));
When we select this option from the menu, the application quits.
#include "simplemenu.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); SimpleMenu window; window.resize(250, 150); window.setWindowTitle("Simple menu"); window.show(); return app.exec(); }
The main file.
Icons, shortcuts, and separators
In the following example, we further enhance our previous application. We add icons to the menus, use shortcuts and a separator.
#pragma once #include <QMainWindow> #include <QApplication> class AnotherMenu : public QMainWindow { public: AnotherMenu(QWidget *parent = 0); };
The header file for the example.
#include "anothermenu.h" #include <QMenu> #include <QMenuBar> AnotherMenu::AnotherMenu(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent) { QPixmap newpix("new.png"); QPixmap openpix("open.png"); QPixmap quitpix("quit.png"); QAction *newa = new QAction(newpix, "&New", this); QAction *open = new QAction(openpix, "&Open", this); QAction *quit = new QAction(quitpix, "&Quit", this); quit->setShortcut(tr("CTRL+Q")); QMenu *file; file = menuBar()->addMenu("&File"); file->addAction(newa); file->addAction(open); file->addSeparator(); file->addAction(quit); qApp->setAttribute(Qt::AA_DontShowIconsInMenus, false); connect(quit, SIGNAL(triggered()), qApp, SLOT(quit())); }
In our example, we have one menu with three actions. Only the
quit action will actually do something if we select it.
We also create a separator and a CTRL+Q
shortcut, which
terminates the application.
QPixmap newpix("new.png"); QPixmap openpix("open.png"); QPixmap quitpix("quit.png");
These are images that we use in menus. Note that some desktop environments might not display images in the menus.
QAction *newa = new QAction(newpix, "&New", this); QAction *open = new QAction(openpix, "&Open", this); QAction *quit = new QAction(quitpix, "&Quit", this);
In this code we use the QAction
constructor
with a pixmap as the first argument.
quit->setShortcut(tr("CTRL+Q"));
Here we create a keyboard shortcut. By pressing this shortcut, we will run the quit action which will quit the application.
file->addSeparator();
We create a separator. The separator is a horizontal line which enables us to group menu actions into some logical groups.
qApp->setAttribute(Qt::AA_DontShowIconsInMenus, false);
In some environments, the menu icons are not shown by default.
In this case we can disable the Qt::AA_DontShowIconsInMenus
attribute.
#include "anothermenu.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); AnotherMenu window; window.resize(350, 200); window.move(300, 300); window.setWindowTitle("Another menu"); window.show(); return app.exec(); }
This is the main file.
Checkable menu
In the next example, we create a checkable menu. This will be an action with a check box. The option toggles the visibility of a statusbar.
#pragma once #include <QMainWindow> #include <QApplication> class Checkable : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT public: Checkable(QWidget *parent = 0); private slots: void toggleStatusbar(); private: QAction *viewst; };
The header file for the example.
#include "checkable.h" #include <QMenu> #include <QMenuBar> #include <QStatusBar> Checkable::Checkable(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent) { viewst = new QAction("&View statusbar", this); viewst->setCheckable(true); viewst->setChecked(true); QMenu *file; file = menuBar()->addMenu("&File"); file->addAction(viewst); statusBar(); connect(viewst, SIGNAL(triggered()), this, SLOT(toggleStatusbar())); } void Checkable::toggleStatusbar() { if (viewst->isChecked()) { statusBar()->show(); } else { statusBar()->hide(); } }
A checkable menu item toggles the visibility of the statusbar.
viewst = new QAction("&View statusbar", this); viewst->setCheckable(true); viewst->setChecked(true);
We create an actiona and make it checkable with the
setCheckable
method. The setChecked
method
makes it checked.
if (viewst->isChecked()) { statusBar()->show(); } else { statusBar()->hide(); }
Inside the toggleStatusbar
method, we determine
if the menu item is checked and hide or show the statusbar accordingly.
#include "checkable.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); Checkable window; window.resize(250, 150); window.setWindowTitle("Checkable menu"); window.show(); return app.exec(); }
This is the main file.
QToolBar
The QToolBar
class provides a movable panel
that contains a set of controls which provide a quick
access to the application actions.
#pragma once #include <QMainWindow> #include <QApplication> class Toolbar : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT public: Toolbar(QWidget *parent = 0); };
The header file for the example.
#include "toolbar.h" #include <QToolBar> #include <QIcon> #include <QAction> Toolbar::Toolbar(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent) { QPixmap newpix("new.png"); QPixmap openpix("open.png"); QPixmap quitpix("quit.png"); QToolBar *toolbar = addToolBar("main toolbar"); toolbar->addAction(QIcon(newpix), "New File"); toolbar->addAction(QIcon(openpix), "Open File"); toolbar->addSeparator(); QAction *quit = toolbar->addAction(QIcon(quitpix), "Quit Application"); connect(quit, SIGNAL(triggered()), qApp, SLOT(quit())); }
To create a toolbar, we inherit from the QMainWindow
widget.
QToolBar *toolbar = addToolBar("main toolbar");
The addToolBar
method creates a
toolbar and returns a pointer to it.
toolbar->addAction(QIcon(newpix), "New File"); toolbar->addAction(QIcon(openpix), "Open File"); toolbar->addSeparator();
Here we add two actions and a separator to the toolbar.
#include "toolbar.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); Toolbar window; window.resize(300, 200); window.setWindowTitle("QToolBar"); window.show(); return app.exec(); }
This is the main file.
Application skeleton
In the end of this part of the C++ Qt4 tutorial, we create an
application skeleton. The example is based mainly on the
QMainWindow
widget.
#pragma once #include <QMainWindow> #include <QApplication> class Skeleton : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT public: Skeleton(QWidget *parent = 0); };
The header file for the example.
#include "skeleton.h" #include <QToolBar> #include <QIcon> #include <QAction> #include <QMenu> #include <QMenuBar> #include <QStatusBar> #include <QTextEdit> Skeleton::Skeleton(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent) { QPixmap newpix("new.png"); QPixmap openpix("open.png"); QPixmap quitpix("quit.png"); QAction *quit = new QAction("&Quit", this); QMenu *file; file = menuBar()->addMenu("&File"); file->addAction(quit); connect(quit, SIGNAL(triggered()), qApp, SLOT(quit())); QToolBar *toolbar = addToolBar("main toolbar"); toolbar->addAction(QIcon(newpix), "New File"); toolbar->addAction(QIcon(openpix), "Open File"); toolbar->addSeparator(); QAction *quit2 = toolbar->addAction(QIcon(quitpix), "Quit Application"); connect(quit2, SIGNAL(triggered()), qApp, SLOT(quit())); QTextEdit *edit = new QTextEdit(this); setCentralWidget(edit); statusBar()->showMessage("Ready"); }
Here we create a menu a toolbar and a statusbar.
QTextEdit *edit = new QTextEdit(this); setCentralWidget(edit);
We create a QTextEdit
widget and place it
into the central part of the QMainWindow
widget.
#include "skeleton.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { QApplication app(argc, argv); Skeleton window; window.resize(350, 250); window.setWindowTitle("Application skeleton"); window.show(); return app.exec(); }
This is the main file.
In this part of the Qt4 tutorial, we have covered menus and toolbars.